The current pathophysiology of COPD encompasses three main characteristics: emphysema, chronic bronchitis and small airway disease. Macrophages and neutrophils are implicated in this process ...

COPD causes breathing problems and restricts airflow, making things most of us take for granted – such as walking to our front door or getting dressed – breath-taking, but in the worst way. Gasping ...

The increased levels indicate a relative peripheral erythropoietin resistance in COPD. This is similar to other diseases and fits into the pathophysiology of anemia in chronic disease. The ...

SIOUX CITY (KTIV) - The World Health Organization says chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is the third leading cause of death worldwide, causing 3.23 million deaths in 2019. COPD is ...

The pathophysiology of lung cancer refers to the functional changes that cause, result from, or are otherwise associated with the disease. In the case of lung cancer, the changes occur in the lungs.

Cigarette smoke causes the walls between the sacs to break down. These larger sacs don’t move oxygen from air to the blood as efficiently, making it harder to breathe. Even if you’re a smoker who ...

Neurokinin is crucial in the pathophysiology of vasomotor symptoms linked to menopause, offering a target for novel treatments. Fezolinetant, a nonhormonal agent, antagonizes neurokinin-3 ...

Thinning hair typically happens gradually, which means you have time to pinpoint the causes and figure out the best treatment measures. Thinning hair may be caused by lifestyle habits, genetics ...

Your period may come early due to changes in your hormone levels. This can occur due to puberty, perimenopause, certain medications, stress, or various health conditions. Everyone’s menstrual ...