Four Dumas were held between 1906 and 1914. The first two featured strong opposition to Tsarism and quickly dissolved. The next two were less radical and more flexible as a result of changes to ...

Security of the Tsarist state before 1905 Causes of the 1905 Revolution Reasons for the February Revolution, 1917 Reasons for the success of the October Revolution, 1917 Reasons for the victory of ...

the position of the party and of the party press in the first period after the overthrow of tsarism and prior to the arrival of Lenin; the struggle around Lenin’s theses; the April Conference ...

His conception was without the ambiguity, relating to the class nature of the state power that would issue from the overthrow of tsarism, which characterized Lenin’s formulation. Trotsky ...

The following is a translation of an article by Pannekoek. Originally published in Arbeiterpolitik no. 47 and 48 (in two ...

Leading scholars in the field analyse the Soviet economy sector by sector, from agriculture to defence and technology, and look at the key indicators of economic health over the period: employment, ...

This is particularly so given that through its secret police, the Okhranka, Tsarism employed large-scale violence in Russia against Jews, left sympathizers, or anyone who spoke out against the ...

This ‘colonial’ experience and struggle for national identity, culture and language did not end for Belarusians with the fall of tsarism. After a short period of ‘korenisation’ in the Belarusian ...