Aging Health. 2011;7(6):813-828. Common opioid side effects reported in the literature include urinary retention, pruritus, nausea and vomiting, CNS effects and respiratory effects. The incidence ...

Background: The pathogenesis of daytime hypercapnia (PaCO 2 ≥ 45 mm Hg) may be directly linked to the existence of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) per se, although only some patients ...