A 1.0- to 1.5-cm superficial incision is made over the intended entry site, which usually is below the first and above the third tracheal ring. Depending on the neck anatomy, higher or lower entry ...

Tracheal collapse occurs when the windpipe becomes flattened and the airflow in and out of the lungs is obstructed. The rings of cartilage that support the windpipe lose their strength and become ...

[18] This is due to the avoidance of tracheal ring resection and epithelialization. The overall mortality was found to be 43.57% in this series of patients, although none of these deaths were ...