As the body’s defense mechanism against damage and infection, the inflammatory response is a pathological process that involves a range of inflammatory cells and cytokines. A healthy inflammatory ...

Mechanistically, 4-PBA reduced the expression of ICAM-1 (intercellular adhesion molecule 1) via reducing peroxisome stress and attenuating SYK (spleen tyrosine kinase)-mTOR (mammalian target of ...

Oxidative stress and the accompanying chronic inflammation constitute an important metabolic problem that may lead to pathology, especially when the body is exposed to physicochemical and biological ...

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Here, we describe how the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathway in osteoblasts controls bone formation by suppressing the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway. We also show ...