In this case, aluminum oxide is separated into aluminum and oxygen (Fig ... Aluminum extraction requires temperatures of 1,000 o C and a lot of energy. Additional material—such as cryolite and sodium ...
A zoomed-in image from a scanning electron microscope showing the detailed structure of a nano-porous anodic aluminum oxide membrane. The visible patterns, known as shear banding, occur when the ...
An international research team has designed a copper indium gallium diselenide (CIGSe) solar cell based on an ultrathin aluminum-doped zinc oxide (AZO) film with strong sheet resistance.