artery）指的是由內胸動脈（英语：internal thoracic artery）延伸入腹腔的動脈，並會與下腹壁動脈於肚臍形成動脈吻合（英语：anastomoses）。吻合的位置因人而異，有些人則會於橫膈處形成吻合。 上腹壁動脈與其同名靜脈（英语：superior epigastric vein）伴行。 動脈弓出 ...

Knowledge on the course of internal thoracic vein and artery is important during interventional procedures through the anterior chest wall such as biopsy and empyema drainage. This is to avoid ...

During the decade of the 1980s, 3 things occurred that increased operative complexity: myocardial protection, the use of the internal thoracic artery (ITA) graft, and the development of percutaneous ...

This showed complete occlusion of the left internal carotid artery at ... a catheter inserted into the femoral artery and advanced into the thoracic aorta. Blood pressure in the distal subclavian ...

Although mostly asymptomatic, the retroesophageal and retrotracheal course of the lusorian artery might result in unspecific thoracic pain, dysphagia, dyspnea, arterioesophageal or arteriotracheal ...

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We aimed to test the impact of widespread reliance on generalized inflow rates. Methods Internal carotid artery (ICA) flow rates were measured via 2D cine phase-contrast MRI for 24 patients scheduled ...

As part of the lower half of the circle of Willis, the PCOM artery starts from the internal carotid artery (ICA) and joins the internal carotid and the posterior cerebral arteries (PCA). It is located ...

Also known as the ACA, it is one of a pair of arteries essential to delivering oxygen to the brain. The anterior cerebral artery arises where the internal carotid artery ends. The right and left ACAs ...

There are two types of economies of scale: internal and external economies of scale. Internal economies of scale are firm-specific—or caused internally—while external economies of scale occur ...