Here, self-organization processes induced by the driving forces of nature, such as the decrease of free enthalpy of the system, are of great help — nature itself guides the way to these structures.

Hess’s Law states that the enthalpy change for a chemical reaction is independent of the route taken. This means that the enthalpy change for the overall process will be identical regardless of ...

The fuel cell thermodynamic efficiency is given by the ratio of the Gibbs function change to the Enthalpy change in the overall cell reaction. The Gibbs function change measures the electrical work ...