These four fundamental forces exist between fermions (quarks and leptons). They arise from the exchange of bosons. Bosons are the 'force carrying' or 'force-mediating' particles. If a fermion ...
These so-called optical lattices act as versatile potential landscapes to trap ultracold quantum gases of bosons and fermions. They form powerful model systems of quantum many-body systems in ...
Supersolid states of matter have been predicted for decades, but were only recently synthesized in the lab. In this state, produced by manipulating quantum gases, matter acts as a solid but also ...
Ultralight dark matter consists of small-mass dark matter particles, modeled as scalar bosons, which have no intrinsic spin. This creates a scalar field, which is smoothly distributed in space ...
Quarks, munons, bosons, and dark matter galore. By Andrew Paul By Andrew Paul By Andrew Paul By Andrew Paul By Andrew Paul By Riccardo Maria Bianchi / The Conversation By Andrew Paul By Andrew ...