The auditory system is the sensory system for hearing. It consists of the outer ear (the auricle and auditory canal), the middle ear (the tympanic membrane, malleus, incus and stapes), the inner ...

Early diagnosis of some ear diseases is challenging, due to the tiny and intricate nature of a sound-conducting bone called the stapes, made up of four parts. Around 3 millimetres in height ...

The incus transmits vibrations from the malleus to the stapes. The vibrations then move to the inner ear. Conditions ...

The recommended surgical opening of the middle ear cavity needed to be postponed ... Intraoperatively, fracture of the stapes footplate was seen. Reconstruction was performed, without achieving ...