A new research paper was published in Aging (listed by MEDLINE/PubMed as "Aging (Albany NY)" and "Aging-US" by Web of Science), Volume 16, Issue 20 on October 24, 2024, entitled " On the lifespan of ...

and thus readily dissolve to release Fe 2+ ions to the surrounding environment. Fe(II)-minerals are only stable at neutral or alkaline pH in anoxic environments (i.e., when no oxygen is present).