A scientific calculator has two 'log' buttons on it. These are marked log and ln. The log key is used for calculations of the form \({\log _{10}}x\). For example, to work out that \(\log 10000 = 4 ...

To register your interest please contact asiamktg@cambridge.org providing details of the course you are teaching. Lyapunov exponents lie at the heart of chaos theory, and are widely used in studies of ...

Now that you know what \({\log _a}x\) means, you should know and be able to use the following results, known as the laws of logarithms.