The TOC (Translocon at the Outer envelope of Chloroplasts)-TIC (Translocon at the Inner envelope of Chloroplasts) supercomplex is responsible for mediating the transport of most precursor proteins ...

Plant cells have several structures not found in other eukaryotes. In particular, organelles called chloroplasts allow plants to capture the energy of the Sun in energy-rich molecules; cell walls ...

Mitochondria and chloroplasts likely evolved from engulfed prokaryotes that once lived as independent organisms. At some point, a eukaryotic cell engulfed an aerobic prokaryote, which then formed ...